{"id":6570,"date":"2021-02-15T08:45:00","date_gmt":"2021-02-15T07:45:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/?p=6570"},"modified":"2025-10-07T10:43:21","modified_gmt":"2025-10-07T08:43:21","slug":"power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy","title":{"rendered":"Electric Power &#038; Energy Explained &#8211; Chapter 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Having the measurement know-how and right equipment in our hands, it&#8217;s on us to take the next steps. But what do we need to do for determining Electric Power and Energy? Without giving too much away &#8211; we will find the answers in the frequency domain. Please leave your Watt<\/strong>&#8211;<strong>meters at home.  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69db638dee8a3\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69db638dee8a3\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\/#1_%E2%80%93_Overview\" >1 &#8211; Overview<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\/#Welcome_to_Chapter_2_of_our_Multipart-Series\" >Welcome to Chapter 2 of our Multipart-Series<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\/#3_%E2%80%93_Power_Energy_Analysis\" >3 &#8211; Power &amp; Energy Analysis<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\/#Voltage_measurement\" >Voltage measurement<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\/#Current_measurement\" >Current measurement<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\/#Electric_Power_Energy_calculation\" >Electric Power &amp; Energy calculation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\/#Transforming_the_classic_power_triangle\" >Transforming the classic power triangle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\/#Power_Factor_and_Transferred_Energy\" >Power Factor and Transferred Energy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\/#Phase_angles\" >Phase angles<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\/#Relationship_Power_Energy\" >Relationship Power &amp; Energy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\/#4_%E2%80%93_Powerful_Summary_Energetic_Outlook\" >4 &#8211; Powerful Summary. Energetic Outlook!<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\/#Further_reading\" >Further reading<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_%E2%80%93_Overview\"><\/span>1 &#8211; Overview<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Welcome_to_Chapter_2_of_our_Multipart-Series\"><\/span>Welcome to Chapter 2 of our Multipart-Series<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We would like to start today&#8217;s article by expressing our gratitude for your feedback on our last chapter. If this is your first visit to our Power Quality Blog, here is a round-up on the first two articles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/a-reintroduction-to-power-quality-analysis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Power Quality Analysis &#8211; A Reintroduction<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/power-quality-explained-chapter-1-foundational-knowledge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chapter 1 &#8211; Foundational Knowledge<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"PE\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_%E2%80%93_Power_Energy_Analysis\"><\/span>3 &#8211; Power &amp; Energy Analysis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Voltage_measurement\"><\/span>Voltage measurement<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Basically, the potential difference of two points defines the electric voltage. Measuring voltage with DAQ devices requires knowledge about the range of input signals (\u00b5V up to kV), using the right amplifiers and selecting the right measurement range. Furthermore it is important to consider ground loops, disturbances and noise signals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Current_measurement\"><\/span>Current measurement<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Electric current basically flows when an electric circuit is closed and the potential difference of an energy source, e.g. battery, can be equalized. Basically, Ampere-meters measure current in series of the electric circuit. The drawback is that you need to open the circuit. Moreover, the input impedance of Ampere meters must be as low as possible to not affect the actual circuit too much.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In contrast, you measure electric current <strong>directly <\/strong>or <strong>indirectly<\/strong> using DAQ amplifiers for applications in the power and energy sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The <strong>direct <\/strong>method involves opening the circuit\/conductor to connect a sensor in series. Therefore, a <strong>Shunt resistor<\/strong> with a highly accurate and very low resistance value. The actual current value is determined by the means of the voltage drop-off over the Shunt and Ohm\u2019s Law.<\/li><li>In contrast, <strong>indirect <\/strong>methods allow current measurements via the magnetic field without the need of opening the circuit. Thereby, leading to galvanic isolation of the sensor from the conductor. For example, Rogowski coils, Hall compensated clamps or zero flux transducers work on these indirect principles among others.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/NEO-Download-Area-1024x400.jpg\" alt=\"Access NEO-Download-Area\" class=\"wp-image-6609\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/NEO-Download-Area-1024x400.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/NEO-Download-Area-300x117.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/NEO-Download-Area-1536x600.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/NEO-Download-Area-2048x800.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/NEO-Download-Area-16x6.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">More in-depth information<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>on these principles in the NEO current sensor manual. Easy accessible in your Download Area. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/user-registration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sign up!<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Electric_Power_Energy_calculation\"><\/span>Electric Power &amp; Energy calculation <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Electric Power is the product of current and voltage in every occurring moment. Using the integral over the cycle time T, it is equal to the mathematical sum. We can also understand power as energy flow in a certain time period. The unit of electric power is Watt [W].  <mark class=\"annotation-text annotation-text-yoast\" id=\"annotation-text-296d37b6-a4a7-4475-87d6-4285c640d60f\"><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/image.png\" alt=\"Relationship between Voltage, Current and Power signal\" class=\"wp-image-6614\" width=\"232\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/image.png 692w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/image-248x300.png 248w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/image-10x12.png 10w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px\" \/><figcaption>Relationship between Voltage, Current and Power signal<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Phase Lock Loop (PLL) synchronizes the sampling rate with the frequency of measured voltage signals. As we have already touched upon the beginning of this chapter, all of our devices ensure Class A power calculations. This is done on the basis of the period time in the frequency domain. First of all they carry out a FFT analysis on voltage and current, for 10\/12 cycles and the specific sample rate. This gives us the <strong>amplitude and cos(phi) of every single harmonic<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By doing this, it is possible to consider amplifier or transducer shifts (amplitude or phase) that distort your results over the whole frequency range. By simply correcting them. Furthermore, this determination in the frequency domain also completely synchronizes all PQ parameters with the fundamental frequency of the measured system. Once the FFT values are corrected, the individual harmonic RMS values sum up to the respective total value for voltage or current. Which brings us to the calculation of the three main power quantities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Power-triangle-2-1.png\" alt=\"Apparent, Active and Reactive Power calculation\" class=\"wp-image-6668\" width=\"618\" height=\"215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Power-triangle-2-1.png 827w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Power-triangle-2-1-300x104.png 300w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Power-triangle-2-1-16x6.png 16w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Power-triangle-2-1-825x286.png 825w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" \/><figcaption>Apparent, Active and Reactive Power calculation<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Transforming_the_classic_power_triangle\"><\/span>Transforming the classic power triangle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Apparently, the basic relationship of active and reactive power visually describes a triangle. While it is important to address, it mainly serves as basis for everything that is yet to come.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 59%\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Power-triangle-1024x387.png\" alt=\"Classic Power triangle\" class=\"wp-image-6616\"\/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">The classic power triangle<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Active Power P<\/strong> is transferred to the electric consumer\/load and can be \u201cused\u201d. For example, being transformed to mechanical energy.<\/li><li><strong>Reactive Power Q<\/strong> is the natural part of the electric grid that is needed\/provided for magnetic fields (motors, generators) of generators or capacitors. It symbolizes the unusable power part for the consumer and influences the transfer capacity. It only increases the system&#8217;s effort to deliver the same energy or rather power for a certain time period. In addition, it stresses power lines and engineers to compensate the reactive power. You find the positive or negative Q on the imaginary axis of the triangle.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Power_Factor_and_Transferred_Energy\"><\/span>Power Factor and Transferred Energy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A high <strong>Power Factor<\/strong> equals high transmission efficiency. As you see in the formula above, this comes from the lower current flow and therefore losses in the system.<\/li><li>The <strong>cos-phi<\/strong> gives the phase angle between the voltage and current of a certain harmonic. While the power factor takes the whole system into consideration, the cos-phi exists for each harmonic.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:48% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/New-Power-Triangle-1024x534.png\" alt=\"New Power Triangle\" class=\"wp-image-6623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/New-Power-Triangle-1024x534.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/New-Power-Triangle-300x156.png 300w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/New-Power-Triangle-16x8.png 16w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/New-Power-Triangle.png 1111w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">Introducing Distortion to the triangle<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Inverters among other non-linear loads and especially renewable energy generation units (wind, PV) bring two new parameters into the triangle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Harmonic Reactive Power Q<sub>1,2,\u2026<\/sub><\/strong> of single harmonics result from phase shifts between the current and voltage of the respective harmonics. It&#8217;s sum brings us to the<\/li><li><strong>Harmonic Reactive Power Q<sub>H<\/sub><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/power-triangle-3-1.png\" alt=\"Harmonic Reactive Power calculation\" class=\"wp-image-6669\" width=\"150\" height=\"87\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/power-triangle-3-1.png 247w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/power-triangle-3-1-16x9.png 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><figcaption>Harmonic Reactive Power calculation<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Combining voltage and current quantities from different harmonics leads to the <strong>Distortion Reactive Power D<sub>H<\/sub><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/power-triangle-4-1.png\" alt=\"Distortion Reactive Power\" class=\"wp-image-6670\" width=\"171\" height=\"39\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/power-triangle-4-1.png 333w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/power-triangle-4-1-300x68.png 300w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/power-triangle-4-1-16x4.png 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 171px) 100vw, 171px\" \/><figcaption>Distortion Reactive Power<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"Distortion\"><li>Considering all harmonics <strong>except <\/strong>the fundamental equals the <strong>Distortion D<\/strong>:<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/power-triangle-5-1.png\" alt=\"Distortion D\" class=\"wp-image-6671\" width=\"142\" height=\"49\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/power-triangle-5-1.png 313w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/power-triangle-5-1-300x104.png 300w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/power-triangle-5-1-16x6.png 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 142px) 100vw, 142px\" \/><figcaption>Distortion D<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phase_angles\"><\/span>Phase angles<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 54%\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"998\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/phase-angles.png\" alt=\"Phase Angle determination in 3-phase systems\" class=\"wp-image-6674\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/phase-angles.png 1000w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/phase-angles-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/phase-angles-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/phase-angles-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/phase-angles-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/phase-angles-350x350.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">No more confusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The definition of phase angles and how values relate to each other always cause confusion and sometimes frustration. That&#8217;s the main reason we visualized <strong>our <\/strong>understanding that we use for NEO instruments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The voltage of U_L1 is defined with 0\u00b0, being in line with the real axis, serving as <strong>the reference point to all phase angles<\/strong>. We will certainly come back to this image when we will be talking about phase angle jumps in the future. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Relationship_Power_Energy\"><\/span>Relationship Power &amp; Energy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-bottom\" style=\"grid-template-columns:47% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"714\" height=\"436\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/energy.png\" alt=\"Relationship Power - Energy\" class=\"wp-image-6672\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/energy.png 714w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/energy-300x183.png 300w, https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/energy-16x10.png 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 714px) 100vw, 714px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">Energy &amp; Efficiency calculation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We already defined electric power as the energy flow in a specific period of time. As a consequence, we can easily conclude to the calculation of energy consumption. The direction of the power flow thereby determines the sign (positive or negative) of the energy value. It defines if we are about consumed (positive value) or delivered energy (negative value).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>These simple principles allow us to make conclusive statements about the energy flow and efficiency for various applications. The energy unit is Watthours [Wh]. Under efficiency we understand the ratio between output and input values of a system, whether it is power or energy efficiency. Efficiencies are always given in per cent [%].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_%E2%80%93_Powerful_Summary_Energetic_Outlook\"><\/span>4 &#8211; Powerful Summary. Energetic Outlook!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In this 3rd part of our <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/category\/power-quality-explained\" target=\"_blank\">Multi-Part-Series<\/a> we talked about the essentials of frequency, voltage and current determination. While we touched upon the IEC 61000-4-30 Ed.3, we further focused on the (new) power triangle. The relation between power, energy and phase angles concluded today&#8217;s article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Slowly but surely we are gaining some momentum here! As our knowledge builds up and we establish common ground, it allows us to cover increasingly exciting PQ topics in the future. For Chapter 4 we are planning to shine some light on the IEEE 519. Whether you are new to Power Quality or following this Blog to know exactly what NEO Messtechnik is currently up to &#8211; we hear you. Expect another refreshing take on another PQ parameter in Chapter 4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Your NEO Messtechnik experts<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-social-links is-layout-flex wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex\"><li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-linkedin  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/linkedin.com\/company\/neo-messtechnik\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">LinkedIn<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Further_reading\"><\/span>Further reading<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/power-quality-explained-chapter-3-ieee-519-harmonics\">Chapter 3 \u2013 IEEE519 and Harmonics<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are actually more readings we highly recommend.. The first one is our LinkedIn presence, where we regularly update our followers on upcoming products, Blog Articles or AppNotes. In addition we take our chance to loosen up your LinkedIn timeline <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/feed\/update\/urn:li:activity:6765196960505901056\" target=\"_blank\">a little bit<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We previously published our first AppNote on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/appnote-supraharmonics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Supraharmonics Influence on Power Line Communication (PLC) of Smart Meters<\/a>. Make sure to register in our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/user-registration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download Area<\/a> to secure a seat in the first row for all exclusive NEO content. We cannot wait to hear from you &#8211; we are are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/about-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a simple phone call<\/a> or E-Mail away:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><a href=\"mailto:sales@neo-messtechnik.com\">Austria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><a href=\"mailto:info@schotec.ch\">Switzerland<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><a href=\"mailto:neo@neomez.com\">South Korea<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><a href=\"mailto:sales@dewe-tech.cn\">China<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Having the measurement know-how and right equipment in our hands, it&#8217;s on us to take the next steps. But what do we need to do for determining Electric Power and Energy? <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7001,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6570","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-power-quality-online-course-2026-pq-explained"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Electric Power &amp; Energy Explained - Chapter 2<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to measure frequency and voltage\/current signals to determine electric power, energy, phase angles for every single harmonic.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Electric Power &amp; Energy Explained - Chapter 2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn how to measure frequency and voltage\/current signals to determine electric power, energy, phase angles for every single harmonic.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"NEO Messtechnik\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-02-15T07:45:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-07T08:43:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/1-Cover-Images-for-LinkedIn-Blog7.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1058\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Neo Messtechnik\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Neo Messtechnik\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Neo Messtechnik\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/27a4c8b6d00a04e30b0dd5b2de1a41b7\"},\"headline\":\"Electric Power &#038; Energy Explained &#8211; Chapter 2\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-02-15T07:45:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-07T08:43:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\"},\"wordCount\":1350,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/1-Cover-Images-for-LinkedIn-Blog7.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Power Quality Online Course 2026 - Power Quality Explained\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\",\"name\":\"Electric Power & Energy Explained - Chapter 2\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/1-Cover-Images-for-LinkedIn-Blog7.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-02-15T07:45:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-07T08:43:21+00:00\",\"description\":\"Learn how to measure frequency and voltage\\\/current signals to determine electric power, energy, phase angles for every single harmonic.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/1-Cover-Images-for-LinkedIn-Blog7.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/1-Cover-Images-for-LinkedIn-Blog7.png\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1058,\"caption\":\"Power & Energy Explained\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Power Quality Online Course 2026 - Power Quality Explained\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/category\\\/power-quality-online-course-2026-pq-explained\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Electric Power &#038; Energy Explained &#8211; Chapter 2\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"NEO Messtechnik\",\"description\":\"Power Quality with perfection\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"NEO Messtechnik GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/02\\\/Logo-german-english-3.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/02\\\/Logo-german-english-3.png\",\"width\":466,\"height\":264,\"caption\":\"NEO Messtechnik GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/neo-messtechnik\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/27a4c8b6d00a04e30b0dd5b2de1a41b7\",\"name\":\"Neo Messtechnik\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/8ec8ef73eecd0238954b68f136713d038332f9e74cb15d249d3591ce49252447?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/8ec8ef73eecd0238954b68f136713d038332f9e74cb15d249d3591ce49252447?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/8ec8ef73eecd0238954b68f136713d038332f9e74cb15d249d3591ce49252447?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Neo Messtechnik\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/bernhard-grasel\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UC0SItHb-UNY0WNUhQtqhB7w\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Electric Power & Energy Explained - Chapter 2","description":"Learn how to measure frequency and voltage\/current signals to determine electric power, energy, phase angles for every single harmonic.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Electric Power & Energy Explained - Chapter 2","og_description":"Learn how to measure frequency and voltage\/current signals to determine electric power, energy, phase angles for every single harmonic.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy\/","og_site_name":"NEO Messtechnik","article_published_time":"2021-02-15T07:45:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-10-07T08:43:21+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1058,"url":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/1-Cover-Images-for-LinkedIn-Blog7.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Neo Messtechnik","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Neo Messtechnik","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy"},"author":{"name":"Neo Messtechnik","@id":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/27a4c8b6d00a04e30b0dd5b2de1a41b7"},"headline":"Electric Power &#038; Energy Explained &#8211; Chapter 2","datePublished":"2021-02-15T07:45:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-10-07T08:43:21+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy"},"wordCount":1350,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/1-Cover-Images-for-LinkedIn-Blog7.png","articleSection":["Power Quality Online Course 2026 - Power Quality Explained"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy","url":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy","name":"Electric Power & Energy Explained - Chapter 2","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/1-Cover-Images-for-LinkedIn-Blog7.png","datePublished":"2021-02-15T07:45:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-10-07T08:43:21+00:00","description":"Learn how to measure frequency and voltage\/current signals to determine electric power, energy, phase angles for every single harmonic.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/1-Cover-Images-for-LinkedIn-Blog7.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/1-Cover-Images-for-LinkedIn-Blog7.png","width":2560,"height":1058,"caption":"Power & Energy Explained"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/power-quality-explained-chapter-2-electric-power-energy#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Power Quality Online Course 2026 - Power Quality Explained","item":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/category\/power-quality-online-course-2026-pq-explained"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Electric Power &#038; Energy Explained &#8211; Chapter 2"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/","name":"NEO Messtechnik","description":"Power Quality with perfection","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/#organization","name":"NEO Messtechnik GmbH","url":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Logo-german-english-3.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Logo-german-english-3.png","width":466,"height":264,"caption":"NEO Messtechnik GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/linkedin.com\/company\/neo-messtechnik"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/27a4c8b6d00a04e30b0dd5b2de1a41b7","name":"Neo Messtechnik","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8ec8ef73eecd0238954b68f136713d038332f9e74cb15d249d3591ce49252447?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8ec8ef73eecd0238954b68f136713d038332f9e74cb15d249d3591ce49252447?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8ec8ef73eecd0238954b68f136713d038332f9e74cb15d249d3591ce49252447?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Neo Messtechnik"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bernhard-grasel\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC0SItHb-UNY0WNUhQtqhB7w"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6570","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6570"}],"version-history":[{"count":60,"href":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6570\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7311,"href":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6570\/revisions\/7311"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7001"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6570"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neo-messtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}